Knowledge

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) is a generic term to incorporate all satellite navigation systems. Today GPS is the only fully operational GNSS. The next generation of GNSS will be operational in the 2010-2015 timeframe. Systems from the USA (GPS II), Russia (GLONASS) and China (Compass) will be dual use systems i.e. owned an operated by the military with civilian access enabled. Those from the EU (Galileo), Japan (JRANS) and India (IRNSS) will be controlled by civilian agencies. In total, there could be over 120 navigation satellites in orbit by 2015, compared to 35-40 satellites in 2006.
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Local Positioning Systems (LPS) use a range of terrestrial radio frequencies to derive position and often work in environments that GNSS find difficult e.g. inside buildings. LPS data can be derived from wi-fi, radio frequency identification devices (RFID), mobile phone transmissions, television signals, ultrasound and bluetooth.
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Position Navigation and Timing (PNT) services can be obtained from both GNSS and LPS. There is a trend towards sensor fusion integrating GNSS, LPS and inertial measurement units (IMU) to provide solutions which provide the maximum availability, integrity, accuracy and continuity of positioning.
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The biggest growth of PNT is in enabling Location solutions for markets such as consumers, transport, industry and emergency services. Telematics are a good example of the use of location technology within the automotive and transport industries. In the consumer space, location based services (LBS) are being driven by legislation which requires a persons location to be known when they make an emergency call (E911 in the USA and E112 regulations in Europe). Telematics and LBS are forecast to make up nearly 90% of GNSS receiver volumes by 2011.
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Infomobility is the emerging fusion of Location, Wireless and other Information and Communication Technology enabling mobile devices to be seamlessly connected to the World Wide Web. Vehicle Telematics are already experiencing sensor fusion of GNSS and wireless communications and it is predicted to be the first candidate for infomobility products and services.
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Geospatial ICT (Geo-ICT) combines location, imaging and geospatial technologies with ICT to enhance location based spatial decision support and location based services. It contributes significantly to emerging markets such as e-commerce, spatial data infrastructure and the digital earth.
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